We were able to show, that the structural properties of the decellularized allografts were sustained while all cellular and nuclear material was efficiently removed. We already demonstrated successful cell elimination with SDS/NaN3 treatment and in this investigation for the first time for aortic arch allografts. Transmission electron microscopy and histology studies were used to confirm the removal of cells and to investigate the composition and structure of tissue samples. Furthermore, the collagen and elastin content of the decellularized neoscaffolds demonstrated similar characteristics to untreated controls. We maintained the three-dimensional matrix and important structural proteins like collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans, parts missing in synthetic materials. Synthetic-based scaffolds are rigid and potentially immunogenic, and additionally suffer from toxic degradation, induce an overshooting fibrosis and inflammatory reaction. Moreover, synthetic grafts cannot express important bioactive molecules and ligands, which are necessary for vessel maturation. Decellularized allografts are appealing because they are already composed of native vascular extracellular matrix proteins that exhibit reasonable structural characteristics as well as providing instructive cues for cellular ingrowth. It was shown that bone marrow-derived cells incubated on decellularized canine carotid arteries, demonstrated cellular incorporation into the scaffold and subsequent differentiation into endothelial and vascular smooth ML 297 muscle cells with three distinct vessel layers. Taken together, these findings are favorable for recellularization of decellularized allografts once implanted in vivo as our group already demonstrated it for decellularized pulmonary heart valves in human subjects. Planar biaxial tensile test in both perpendicular directions has been used in this study to determine the mechanical behaviour of the MK 571 applied tissues for aortic arch reconstruction. It was already shown that replacement of aortic tissue by synthetic grafts reduces elasticity and limits the redistribution of energy from systole to diastole. Other investigators described compliance differences induced by synthetic material used in aortic surgery, which caused a flow interruption in vivo and anastomotic neointimal hyperplasia. We depicted in this investigation anisotropic elasticity behaviour of decellularized allografts similar to intact untreated aorta. Additionally, we could underline the significant negative differences in mechanical properties and behavior of synthetic material, which was demonstrated by large changes in stress-strain and stiffness, in comparison with native and decellularized aortic tissue. Nevertheless, we report here for the first time that the observed hemodynamic changes after total aortic arch replacement with conventional prostheses have a profound influence on mechanoenergetics.