The results above have suggested that immune system may respond to xenobiotic antigens in multiple, inter-dependent mechanisms, including adaptive and innate immunity. In fact, a routine practice for the analysis of immune response is to compare antigenic responses between a specific mouse EUK 134 strain and a pre-tolerized control strain. In this regard, GH mice serve as ����control���� strain to study the immune response. Therefore, GH mice can also be a useful tool for immunological studies. Our complex immune system is involved to varying degrees in virtually all aspects of health and disease. Inclusion of an immune system in any preclinical model is clearly highly desirable, and of course essential when assessing highly promising immunotherapies. Preclinical cancer models become more valuable and versatile when tumor progression and drug response can be accurately and longitudinally monitored, an ability that represents an imposing challenge with the most relevant models where tumors are evaluated at orthotopic and/or metastatic sites. The Glowing Head mouse enables the consistent and reliable tracking of the progression and therapeutic response of tumors in the context of a normal immune system. We anticipate that the use of this GEM model will facilitate the assessment of metastatic and recurrent disease, permit the evaluation of immunomodulatory drugs both alone and in combination with small molecule inhibitors, and enhance the ability of preclinical models to predict clinical efficacy. Cardiopulmonary bypass is a widely used technique invaluable to thoracic surgery. CPB is however associated with Cysteamine hydrochloride several side-effects, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury and the induction of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, potentially leading to multiple organ dysfunction. Several pathological mechanisms are involved in the etiology of CPB-related complications. Contact of blood with the artificial surfaces of extracorporeal circulation circuit activates an alternative pathway of complement activation, and induces release of cytokines and inflammatory mediators.