Despite their small number, MC have proven to have several roles besides melanogenesis, a well-characterized property of MC. They are able to secrete a wide range of signaling molecules, e.g. proinflammatory cytokines, immunosuppressive molecules, neuromediators etc.. MC interacts highly with surrounding KC, which have been shown to regulate MC survival, dendricity, melanogenesis, and the expression of cell surface receptors. Numerous gene expression analyses of different skin cell populations have been performed in both physiological and pathological states using an array of detection techniques ranging from quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization to high throughput methods such as serial analysis of gene expression and microarrays. However, all these methods have specific limitations. In contrast, the use of high-throughput RNASeq on rRNA-depleted samples allows the detection of nearly all coding and noncoding RNA species in a given sample. In the present study we outline, to our knowledge for the first time, the differences of MC compared to other main cell types of the skin at the level of complete transcriptome. We used whole skin samples and cultivated primary skin cells, harvested from the same body site of healthy subjects of similar age. Next we identified a number of genes that were not uniquely expressed in MC but were specifically upregulated in E4CPG melanocyte culture. Their specific role in melanocytes is unclear, but based on the existing biological data these genes can be divided into following functional classes: tumorogenesis, inflammation and stem cell related genes. The family of sialyltransferases, which comprises a large group of enzymes, responsible for the synthesis of sialylated glycans, regulates immune response including virus binding. Sialylated glycans can be found on the surface of many tumor cells where they counteract the AMTB hydrochloride recognition of malignant cells by the immune system. Further, we confirmed a differential expression of genes, which have already been shown to be related to melanoma development. Such as chemokines, which major role is to guide the migration of cells and mediate immune response are important for tumor invasion and metastatic behavior. We also showed that CXCL5, CCL28 and chemokine-like protein FAM19A5 were significantly more expressed in MC compared to KC and FB. Additionally, a few genes, which regulate angiogenesis. The crossregulation of TNF and interferon regulatory factors have been proposed recently. Chronic inflammation is strongly connected to oxidative stress processes. Melanin biosynthesis itself generates a large amount of free radicals, therefore it is crucial to have an efficient control system, which can balance the inflammatory process before it damages DNA or destroys the cell. Tumor cells and stem cells have similarities in their self-renewal process; they have extensive proliferative potential and stem cells are often a target for malignant genetic transformations.