Our data showed that a total of 1709 target sites of bta-miR-378 belonged to 1709 GO terms, and 61 target genes relating to skeletal and muscular system development and function were annotated within 27 GO terms. To better understand the functions of the bta-miR-378 target sites, IPA analysis was performed and several gene networks were identified. In network 2, bta-miR-378 targeted cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3. CSRP3 is expressed only in striated muscle and its expression coincides with myogenic differentiation. The nuclear CRP3 serves as a cofactor for the myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins, by promoting their interaction with the E-Box elements in the regulatory region of most muscle specific genes. Therefore, we hypothesized that bta-miR-378 may contribute to muscle development and differentiation by targeting CSRP3 gene in beef cattle and that bta-miR-378 could be a target for cattle breeding programs. Melanoma, an aggressive malignancy arising from melanocytes, is one of the main life-threatening malignancies of our era. While it accounts for nearly 4% of all skin cancers, it causes 75% of skin cancer�Crelated deaths worldwide and is considered to be the most common fatal malignancy of young adults. Transformation and development of metastasis require stepwise acquisition of aggressive characteristics. These include, for example, uncontrolled growth, resistance to apoptosis, motility, proteolytic capacity and adhesion. In addition, plasticity of melanoma cells is evident by their ability to form tube-like structures. These functional vascular-like structures are comprised of tumor cells and their presence is associated with poor prognosis. Recent development of targeted therapy for melanoma emphasizes the importance of molecular delineation of the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding, 19�C22 nucleotide long RNA DAF-FM molecules, which function as specific epigenetic regulators of gene expression by inhibiting protein translation, leading mRNA to degradation, or both. Once processed from their distinctive hairpin transcripts and Donitriptan monohydrochloride loaded into the Argonaute protein of the silencing complex, the miRNAs pair with cytoplasmic mRNA to direct posttranscriptional repression. The ����seed���� region, which is found between nucleotides 2 to 8 of the mature miRNA, binds to complementary regions in the 39 untranslated region of target mRNA.