Dry anaerobic digestion, so called ����high-solids���� technology, has become attractive and was applied widely because it requires smaller reactor volume, lower energy requirements for heating, less material handling, and so on. The TS content of solid waste influences anaerobic digestion performance, especially biogas and methane production efficiency. Previous reports have investigated that role of TS content on AD performance in order to determine conditions for optimum gas production. Abbassi-Guendouz et al., showed that the total methane production decreased with TS contents increasing from 10% to 25% in batch anaerobic digestion of cardboard under mesophilic conditions. The results obtained by Duan et al., showed that high-solids Trelagliptin succinate system could reach much higher volumetric methane production rate compared with low-solids system at the same solid retention time in mesophilic anaerobic reactors treating sewage sludge. Forster-Carneiro et al., showed that the biogas and methane production decreased with the total solids contents increasing from 20% to 30% in dry batch anaerobic digestion of food waste. Anaerobic digestion is a multi-stage biochemical process in which the complex organic materials undergo hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis in series and each metabolic stage is functioned by different types of microorganisms. They are present in a mixed culture but differ in their nutritional and pH requirement, growth kinetics, and their ability to tolerate environment stresses. Characterization of BTSA1 microbial community structures in anaerobic digesters has been attractive from the point of review of engineering because understanding of microbial behavior can provides valuable information to optimize fermentation process to favor efficient breakdown of wastes. However, the available literature is mainly about performance and corresponding the structure and dynamic of microbial community in either thermophilic or mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste, or only simply about performance comparisons. The AD performances at steady state and the comprehensive characterizations of microbial community in anaerobic digestion of FW with different TS contents were not compared in parallel.