The fact that the ATHB12 KD plants exhibited some symptom development is likely due to the fact the KD plants express approximately 20–30% of normal levels of ATHB12 transcripts and that ATHB7 expression is not affected in the KD plants. Taken together, our data suggest that the ATHB7 and ATHB12 genes may be important factors in BSCTV-induced symptom development. This is particularly interesting since these two homeobox genes have previously been found to be important in coordinating abiotic stress signals with growth and development. The fact that ATHB7 and ATHB12 are Verdinexor induced by BSCTV infection suggest that alterations in ABA biosynthesis or localization may be involved in symptom development. Further genetic and biochemical studies using mutant Arabidopsis ATHB7 and ATHB12 plants, hormone metabolism mutants, and BSCTV mutants are needed to determine the precise connection between BSCTV C4 and ATHB7/ATHB12 induction with the activation of abnormal cell division that is associated with BSCTV-induced symptom development.KPT330 Selinexor infectious disease-related morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality among children worldwide, particularly in developing countries and in young children. Regardless of geographic location, the most common etiologic agents of ARIs in children are viruses. The most frequently implicated viruses among hospitalized children are respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza viruses and adenoviruses. Other commonly implicated causes are human rhinoviruses, human coronaviruses, enteroviruses and human bocavirus. The development of molecular methods such as conventional or real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase has facilitated rapid and sensitive simultaneous diagnostic detection of the variety of viruses causing respiratory tract infection. However, limited resources and laboratory capacity precludes the routine use of molecular diagnostics in tropical lower-income countries such as Vietnam. As a consequence, insight into the aetiology of ARIs is lowest in regions of the world where morbidity and mortality are highest.