However, collection of samples by this method would not affect the associations between mediators that were observed. Further, the numbers of women infected with herpes are likely to be underestimated in this group of women since culture was used to determine herpes infection instead of the more sensitive PCR-based methods. In conclusion this study shows that IL-1ß and lactoferrin are increased in a broad array of STDs and other genital conditions potentially providing insights into pathogenesis and immune GSK1120212 responses at this mucosal site. These studies also show that genital mucosal fluids in women have a wider range of immune mediators than previously demonstrated. Statins are widely used for the treatment of dyslipidemia to prevent cardiovascular diseases. In Japan,ICG-001 heart and cerebrovascular diseases are the second and third causes of mortality and the number of patients with hyperlipidemia is estimated as 1.43 million in 2008. However, statins have major adverse effects on liver and muscles including rhabdomyolysis. Renal toxicity was recognized as a concern associated with the use of rosuvastatin and further addressed recently. Methods complied with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. We sent a letter of invitation to join the study to a total of 2,037 hospitals and 68 were enrolled. We identified patients with hyperlipidemia who newly started a statin in 68 study hospitals in Japan. Currently, 6 statins are available in Japan and it was in 2005 that rosuvastatin was marketed as the 6th statin in Japan. In the study, first, pharmacists in each hospital identified all patients who used a statin at least once during some time window using electronic prescription data maintained inside each hospital. The time window was normally a 3-month period but could be longer or shorter and each hospital was allowed to select any time window provided that it was included in a study period between January 1, 2008 and July 31, 2010. Second, to identify new users, patients were excluded if prescribed the same statin in a prior 6-month period.