In a broader sense it is interesting that the DISC-1 gene product has also been implicated in cilia biology. For example DISC1 localizes to the base of the cilium at the centrosome and was found to interact with pericentriolar material 1 and the BardetBiedl syndrome protein 4. In another example, human microtubule-interacting protein associated with TRAF3 is required for DISC-1 localization as well as for formation of cilia. Together these data Penicillin G Sodium suggest that perturbations in primary cilia may play unrecognized roles in psychiatric disorders. It is also likely that cilia located on neurons in other regions of the brain may impact behavior. A prime example where cilia have been implicated in regulating behavior comes from studies of hypothalamic neurons and control of feeding behavior. When cilia are lost from hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons of mice, they become hyperphagic and obese. Thus, these data combined with the results presented here suggest that conditional loss of cilia in other regions of the brain will reveal additional unrecognized roles for cilia in behavior. A better understanding of cilia in the central nervous system could yield valuable insights into a wide range of ciliopathies as well as more common disorders such as dementia and schizophrenia. A circular pool with a depth of 30 cm and diameter of 130 cm was filled with water and white tempura paint was added until water became opaque. A 10 cm2 platform was placed just below the water��s surface in the northeast quadrant. Mercaptopurine (6-MP) Attached to the outside of each side of the tank was a wooden pole on which one of the following patterned shapes was mounted: rectangle, diamond, triangle, or circle. An initial trial was conducted with a flag on top of the platform to signify its location. Following this, four 60 second trials were conducted daily for five consecutive days. Noldus Ethovision XT tracking software was used to record the latency to find the platform, as well as velocity and path taken. Mice that failed to find the platform after 60 seconds were placed on the platform for 5 seconds. Mice were then gently placed in the pool by hand at the extreme of one cardinal direction.