This division of labor and resulting task allocation can increase colony efficiency, which ultimately translates into reproduction and the foundation of daughter colonies. Variation in nutrition among individuals is a conserved mechanism regulating castes and division of labor in social insects, both between reproducers and non-reproducers and among nonreproducers. While many factors are known to differ between and within castes such as lifespan, genetics, and encounter rate, among others, variation in fat content is consistently different between queens and workers and is associated with the transition from nest work to foraging in many social insects workers. Queens are more corpulent than workers and nest workers are more corpulent than foragers. The depletion of stored fat is gradual in workers and typically correlates with a movement away from the brood and eventually out of the nest. Toth et al. demonstrated a causal link between fat storage and the onset of foraging behavior in honeybees by applying an inhibitor of lipid storage to bees, which increased the likelihood of precocious foraging. Most studies documenting a link between nutrition or physiological state and division of labor are on highly eusocial species with morphologically distinct castes. It is unclear how nutritional status may affect either reproductive and/or foraging divisions of labor in a species without morphologically distinct castes and where all individuals are at least capable of reproducing. Some species of ant, especially in the poneroid clade, have no physical differentiation between queens and workers and reproductive division of labor is maintained by behavioral dominance hierarchies. That is, all females in the nest are, at the onset of adulthood, fully capable of mating and reproducing. Data on Dinoponera, the queenless ant we studied, and other queenless ants suggest that dominance hierarchies are relatively short, with only one or few reproducers. Further, the reproducer can be chemically distinct from nest mates and likely mark their eggs with their scent, enabling the reproducer or nest mates to Sorafenib Abmole Polyphyllin I induced-apoptosis is enhanced by inhibition of autophagy in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells destroy eggs laid by others. We questioned whether societies of the queenless ant, Dinoponera australis, still have a nutritionally based division of labor or whether individuals maintain their physical condition in order to more effectively compete for reproductive opportunities. Data showed that solubility of raw sorghum protein ranged from 3.21 to 3.72 g/100 g. Shandaweel-6 recorded the highest variety in protein solubility. These findings are in agreement with Elkhalifa and Bernhardt, who found that germinated sorghum had a higher protein solubility compared with the un-geminated one. The protein of the germinated sorghum was more soluble than the ungeminated sorghum.