More experiments should be considered to elucidate the mechanism in the future. In conclusion, STAMP2 gene overexpression may improve insulin resistance via regulating macrophage polarization in visceral and brown adipose tissues, implicating its potential role in the mechanism of macrophage polarization shift in adipose tissues and the treatment of insulin resistance. The distribution of HCAIs according to the site of infection indicated that the Surgical Site Infections are the most frequent among patients undergoing surgical procedures and they are considered an important indicator of the quality of the health care. The importance of the prevention and control of SSIs has been well recognized and the effectiveness of interventions has been extensively studied and many 
of them have been demonstrated as being effective, including surveillance systems, preoperative preparation for the patient, appropriate administration of antibiotics prophylaxis before the initiation of surgery, aseptic procedures in the operating theatre, careful and skilled surgical technique, and postoperative surgical site or wound care. The use of antibiotics prophylaxis in the prevention and reduction in the incidence of SSIs is widespread and evidences have demonstrated the importance of timing of administration, selection of the agent, and duration of the prophylaxis. Despite this evidence, the recommendations are not routinely followed and antibiotics are used excessively and inappropriately for the prevention of SSIs. Moreover, this is important in light of the fact that the prolonged use of advanced antibiotic agents may promote the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, so appropriate use of these agents is a critical issue. AbMole Neosperidin-dihydrochalcone Various epidemiological studies have been conducted in different countries describing the appropriateness of the prophylactic antibiotics use in clinical setting. However, a small number of papers has been published on this topic in Italy and is evident that AbMole Terbuthylazine limited information is available. Therefore, the purposes of the present cross-sectional epidemiological study were to evaluate the appropriateness of the prescription of antibiotics prophylaxis prior to surgery amongst hospitalized patients in Italy and to determine the factors associated with a poor adherence in this population. This study is a comprehensive assessment of the prevalence of appropriate prescription of antibiotics prophylaxis prior to surgery amongst hospitalized patients and of the factors that may influence compliance in a sample that has not been previously surveyed in Italy. In this current study it has been found a substantial proportion of inappropriate surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in accordance with recommendations.