Prospective studies are needed to illustrate the precise relationship between serum GGT level and risk of albuminuria. Fourth, medication for diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia, especially those with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers should have affected urinary albumin excretion and should be taken into account when analyzing possible risk factors associated to proteinuria. Absence of these data may influence risk estimates and result interpreting in this setting. Fifth, the results from the present study of Chinese population might not be representative of other races and younger people. The study population was predominantly female, partially because we invited residents over the age of 40 years and females are predominant in this age range in China. Additionally, an inverse association between serum GGT level and decreased eGFR was found in participants with eGFR,90 ml/min but not in those with eGFR,60 ml/min. The pathophysiological process in people with chronic kidney disease might be associated with the synthesis and deposition of GGT. Therefore, we should be cautious regarding the interpretation of whether increased GGT is a causal factor of or a consequence of decreased kidney function. Further pathopysiologic studies are needed to clarify this issue. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that increased serum GGT level is independently associated with prevalence of albuminuria in a large populationbased cohort. Further observational studies and well-designed clinical trials are needed to be carried out to determine whether correction of serum GGT level, through lifestyle intervention or medications, could be effective to reduce the urinary albumin excretion. The aim of warfarin therapy is to bring the International Normalized Ratio, a measure of the patients clotting capability, within therapeutic range, and to maintain it within that range. Although warfarin is an effective anticoagulant, determining the dose required, after loading and refinement phases of warfarin therapy, to achieve a stable therapeutic INR is difficult due to the large inter-individual variability in maintenance dose requirements, and warfarin’s narrow therapeutic index. Therapeutic INR range is typically 2 to 3 for most patients on warfarin; outside this range adverse events are more likely to occur. If the concentration of warfarin in the body is too low then the drug will not provide the desired therapeutic effects, leading to a risk of thrombosis. GDC-0941 PI3K inhibitor Conversely, if the amount of warfarin in the body is too high there is an increased risk of the most critical adverse event associated with warfarin therapy, severe haemorrhage. In a large study of adverse drug reactions causing hospital admissions in Merseyside, England, warfarin was shown to be the third leading cause, responsible for just over 10% of all ADR-related hospital admissions. Due to the difficulties in determining the eventual required stable maintenance dose for a given patient, many different regression models for MD prediction have been proposed worldwide.